PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.